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Initially, BS 1363 did not require the line and neutral pins to have insulating sleeves. When looking at the front of the socket with the earth aperture uppermost (as normally mounted) the lower left aperture is for the neutral contact, and the lower right is for the line contact. The larger top pin is the earth connection, the left-hand pin is neutral and the right-hand pin is line when looking at a socket or at the rear of a plug. Correct polarity is established by the position of the earth pin relative to the other two pins, ensuring that the line pin is connected to the correct terminal in the socket-outlet. Adaptors which allow the use of non-BS 1363 plugs, or more than two BS 1363 plugs, must be fused. All sockets, including those to other standards, must be shuttered. There are several common types, including double- and triple-socket blocks, shaver adaptors, and multi-socket strips. They must accept UK shaver plugs complying with BS 4573 and also Europlugs and American two-pin plugs.
In other words, a shielded network must be very good, otherwise it may behave worse than an unshielded network, much cheaper. May 1950: BS 1363:1947 Amendment 3, title changed to "Specification for two-pole and earthing-pin fused-plugs and shuttered socket-outlets for A.C. circuits up to 250 Volts (not intended for use on D.C. circuits)". Wired connections may also be connected to the final ring, requiring to include a suitably rated fuse and switch. Adaptors were available from 15 A down to 5 A and from 5 A down to 2 A so in practice it was possible for an appliance with the smallest size of flex to be protected only by a 15 A fuse. This amended standard adds a requirement that it shall not be possible to operate a shutter by the insertion of a two-pin Europlug, and added specifications for switched adaptors amongst others. Appliances are designed not to draw more power than their plug is rated for; the use of such adaptors, and also multi-socketed extension leads, makes it possible for several appliances to be connected through a single outlet, with the potential to cause dangerous overloads.
Switched and unswitched fused connection units, without sockets, use BS 1362 fuses for connection of permanently wired appliances to a socket-outlet circuit. September 1967: BS 1363:1967 "Specification for 13A plugs, switched and unswitched socket-outlets and boxes" published. August 1984: BS 1363:1984 "Specification for 13 A fused plugs switched and unswitched socket-outlets" published. December 1961: BS 2814:1957 Amendment 2, title simplified to "13 Ampere Switch Socket-Outlets". The 15 ampere (A) sockets were generally given a dedicated 15 A circuit. In this arrangement a cable connected to a fuse, or circuit breaker, in the distribution board was wired in sequence to a number of sockets before being terminated back at the distribution board, thus forming a final ring circuit. Being the simplest, it has drawbacks, not the least of which is that it is exposed to anyone or any thing which might come into contact with it. These benefits come with a trade-off of typically being double or triple the price of a comparable Monocable system. However, the BS 1363 system is not limited to use with final ring circuits being suitable for radial circuits. Plugs and sockets were usually of an industrial waterproof design with a screw locking ring on the plug to hold it in the socket against waterproof seals, and sockets often had a screw cap chained to them to be used when no plug was inserted to keep them waterproof.
Made by Dorman & Smith (using patents applied for in 1943) the plugs and sockets were rated at 13 A and were one of the competing types for use on ring final circuits. Most types of top contact shoes simply hang from a beam suspended between the axleboxes of the bogie. But we know it can be confusing, are there are many different types of EV charging cables, all with a range of power ratings and connectors. This was used for high power industrial equipment up to 7.2 kW, such as industrial kitchen appliances, or dimmer racks for stage lighting. Common uses include filtered supplies for computer equipment and cleaners' supplies in public buildings and areas (to prevent visitors plugging in unauthorised equipment). This is why national electrical supplies are distributed at up to 765,000 volts AC . This was well understood in the late 19th Century and was one of the reasons why London’s Underground railways adopted a fully insulated DC system with a separate negative return rail as well as a positive rail - the four-rail system. The method of plugging more than one extension lead into another in order to reach a greater distance increases the risk of an electrical fire as well as electric shock.
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